I-Prism-Isetshenziselwa Ukuhlukanisa Noma Ukuhlakaza Imishayo Yokukhanya.

Iprism iyi-polyhedron eyenziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo (njengengilazi, ikristalu, njll.). Isetshenziswa kabanzi kumathuluzi optical. Ama-Prism angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana ngokuya ngezakhiwo zawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo. Isibonelo, kumathuluzi e-spectroscopic, "i-dispersion prism" ebolisa ukukhanya okuyinhlanganisela ibe yi-spectra isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-equilateral prism; kumathuluzi afana nama-periscopes nama-binocular telescopes, ukushintsha isiqondiso sokukhanya ukulungisa indawo yakho yokuthwebula kubizwa ngokuthi "i-prism egcwele". "Amaprism abonisayo" ngokuvamile asebenzisa ama-prism engeli yesokudla.

Uhlangothi lweprism: indiza okungena kuyo futhi kuphume ukukhanya kubizwa ngokuthi uhlangothi.

Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-prism: indiza ebheke eceleni ibizwa ngokuthi ingxenye eyinhloko. Ngokwesimo sesigaba esiyinhloko, ingahlukaniswa ngamaprism angunxantathu, amaprism e-right-angle, nama-pentagonal prism. Ingxenye eyinhloko yeprism ingunxantathu. I-prism inezindawo ezimbili eziphikisayo, i-engeli ephakathi kwazo ibizwa ngokuthi i-apex, futhi indiza ebhekene ne-apex iphansi.

Ngokomthetho we-refraction, umsebe udlula ku-prism futhi uphambukiswe kabili ubheke phansi. I-engeli q phakathi komsebe ophumayo kanye nomsebe wesigameko ibizwa ngokuthi i-deflection angle. Ubukhulu bayo bunqunywa inkomba ye-refractive n ye-prism medium kanye ne-engeli yesigameko i. Uma i-i ilungisiwe, amaza ahlukene okukhanya anama-engeli ahlukene okuchezuka. Ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo, i-engeli yokuchezuka inkulu kakhulu ekukhanyeni oku-violet, futhi encane kakhulu eyokukhanya okubomvu.